1. Periglacial environments are characterized by freeze-thaw cycles and the presence of permafrost.
极寒环境的特点是冻融循环和永久冻土的存在。

2. Periglacial processes, such as frost heaving and solifluction, shape the landforms in Arctic regions.
极寒地区的冻胀和泥石流等冰缺作用塑造了该地区的地貌。